Why are chlorine and chloramines administered to city water systems?

The administration of chlorine and chloramines in city water systems mainly serves the critical function of destroying bacteria and viruses, ensuring that the water supplied to the public is safe for consumption. Chlorine is a potent disinfectant that effectively eliminates pathogens that can cause waterborne diseases, while chloramines, which are a combination of chlorine and ammonia, offer a longer-lasting disinfectant residual in the water distribution system.

This method of disinfection is vital because untreated water may contain harmful microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, that could pose serious health risks. The use of chlorine and chloramines not only protects public health but also helps maintain water quality throughout the delivery process.

While some might consider other aspects of water treatment, such as enhancing taste or reducing hardness, these are not primary reasons for the addition of chlorine and chloramines. Taste is affected by other factors, and hardness relates to mineral content, which is addressed through different water treatment processes. Additionally, the concern of freezing is unrelated to the purpose of adding disinfectants. Thus, the primary role of chlorine and chloramines remains the destruction of harmful pathogens in the water supply.