Which two elements could predominantly contribute to adverse health effects in dialysis water?

Chloramines and copper are particularly concerning in dialysis water due to their potential adverse health effects on patients undergoing treatment. Chloramines, which are disinfectants formed when chlorine is combined with ammonia, can have harmful effects when they enter the bloodstream during dialysis. They can lead to hemolysis of red blood cells, which can be particularly dangerous for patients who already have compromised health due to kidney failure.

Copper, while an essential trace element necessary for bodily functions, can become toxic at elevated levels. In dialysis, exposure to high copper concentrations can cause a range of symptoms including gastrointestinal disturbances and may potentially damage organs over time, particularly the kidneys and liver.

In the context of dialysis, maintaining high water quality is crucial, and the presence of chloramines and copper can signify that the water is not adequately purified, posing risks to the patient’s health. Thus, recognizing these elements as dangerous contributes to improving water safety standards in dialysis facilities.