What is the composition of chloramines?

Chloramines are a group of chemical compounds that are formed when chlorine reacts with ammonia. This reaction leads to the creation of several different chloramine compounds, mainly monochloramine, dichloramine, and trichloramine. The formation of chloramines is significant in water treatment processes, especially in disinfection, as they are used as a secondary disinfectant to help control microbial growth in drinking water.

In the context of water systems, chloramines are preferred in certain situations because they produce fewer disinfection by-products compared to free chlorine. This process involves the direct combination of chlorine, which serves as the primary disinfectant, with ammonia, which is added to stabilize the chlorine and extend its residual effect in the water distribution system. Understanding this composition is critical for water treatment professionals as it helps in managing water quality and ensuring safe drinking water for consumers.