What is a patient complication that may result from exposure to chlorine or chloramines during dialysis?

The correct choice identifies hemolysis as a significant complication that can arise from exposure to chlorine or chloramines during dialysis. In the context of renal replacement therapy, hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications. Chlorine and chloramines are common water disinfectants that may be found in dialysis water systems if proper filtration and treatment processes are not in place.

When these substances come into contact with blood during the dialysis process, they can cause oxidative damage to red blood cells. This oxidative stress disrupts the integrity of the red blood cell membranes, leading to lysis or rupture and releasing hemoglobin into the plasma. The consequences include a sudden drop in hemoglobin levels, which can result in acute anemia, increased levels of free hemoglobin in the circulation, and potential for kidney injury.

Recognizing hemolysis as a direct result of exposure to these chemicals during dialysis underscores the critical importance of water quality in dialysis practices. Strict adherence to water testing and purification protocols is essential to ensure patient safety and avoid complications associated with hemolysis.