What health issue can aluminum and fluoride exposure cause?

Aluminum and fluoride exposure has been associated with a range of health concerns, particularly regarding bone health. When aluminum accumulates in the body, especially in the bones, it can interfere with the normal mineralization process. This can lead to conditions such as osteomalacia, characterized by softening of the bones, and can potentially contribute to osteoporosis, which involves a decrease in bone density and increased fragility.

Fluoride, while beneficial at low levels for preventing dental caries, can also pose risks when exposure is excessive. High levels of fluoride can lead to skeletal fluorosis, a condition that affects the bones and joints, resulting in pain, stiffness, and increased risk of fractures. The combination of excessive aluminum and fluoride exposure can exacerbate these bone-related health issues, making them significant concerns in areas where these elements are prevalent in water supplies.

Therefore, bone disease is the correct answer as both aluminum and fluoride have well-documented effects on bone health.