How do chlorine and chloramines impact water systems?

Chlorine and chloramines are commonly used in water treatment systems for disinfection purposes. One of the significant impacts they have on water systems is related to patient safety and health. Chlorine, in particular, has been known to cause hemolysis, which is the breakdown of red blood cells. This can be particularly concerning in dialysis patients, for whom the presence of these substances in water used for treatments can pose health risks. Hemolysis can lead to serious complications, such as anemia and other related issues.

While chlorine and chloramines do play a role in disinfection and can assist in bacteria removal—making them beneficial in that regard—the primary focus of the question is centered on their negative impact. Therefore, understanding the potential for hemolysis is critical for those managing water systems, especially in healthcare environments where the quality of water directly affects patient outcomes.